According to some Roman historians, including Polybius (Book 10), Laelius was a friend of Scipio from childhood; however, his family background is obscure. He was the patron of the so-called Scipionic circle, a group of 15 to 27 philosophers, poets, and politicians. 5 synonyms for Scipio: Publius Cornelius Scipio, Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major, Scipio Africanus, Scipio Africanus Major, Scipio the Elder. The wall was three meters high and two and a half meters wide. He added that "[s]ome say that slaves under torture testified that unknown persons were introduced through the rear of the house by night who suffocated him, and that those who knew about it hesitated to tell because the people were angry with him still and rejoiced at his death."[16]. In 139 BC, he was unsuccessfully accused of high treason by Tiberius Claudius Asellus, whom he had degraded when censor. For they voted to deliver up the consul unarmed and in bonds to the Numantines, but spared all the other officers for the sake of Tiberius." "[27], Gellius wrote that after he was censor, Scipio was accused before the people by Tiberius Claudius Asellus, a plebeian tribune, whom he had stripped of his knighthood during his censorship. In 147 BC he was elected consul, while still under the minimum age required by law to hold this office. Plutarch wrote that "the relatives and friends of the soldiers, who formed a large part of the people" blamed this on Mancinus and insisted "that it was due to Tiberius that the lives of so many citizens had been saved". [8], Eventually, Scipio prepared to besiege Numantia. Good but could be better Scipio Rising is the historical fiction novel about a young boy (Scipio)’s rise to greatness during battles in 210 BCE. The reason for this book is that, apart from the romance of Scipio… The Senate rejected this proposal, and instead sent one of the consuls of 151 BC, Lucius Licinius Lucullus, to Hispania to continue the war. Lucius Aemilius Paullus took his two older sons with him on his campaign in Greece. "[17] In another book Plutarch wrote "no cause of such an unexpected death could be assigned, only some marks of blows upon his body seemed to intimate that he had suffered violence." [3], Scipio Aemilianus was thought to have advised for the prosecution of the war. [23] Cicero cited him among the orators who were "a little more emphatic than the ordinary, [but] never strained their lungs or shouted …"[24] It seems that he had a good sense of humour and Cicero cited a number of anecdotes about his puns. He marched at night when it was cooler and dug wells which had bitter water. Such disposition was criticised by Roman traditionalists who disliked the growing Hellenisation of Rome—which, they thought, was corrupting Roman culture and life through alien influences—and advocated adherence to old Roman traditions and ancestral virtues and mores. THE excuse for this book is that no recent biography of Scipio exists; the first and last in English appeared in 1817, and is the work of a country clergyman, who omits any study of Scipio as a soldier ! [26] He criticised several things which "were done contrary to the usage of our forefathers," and found fault with adoptive sons being of profit to their adoptive father in gaining the rewards of paternity, and said: "A father votes in one tribe, the son in another, an adopted son is of as much advantage as if one had a son of his own; orders are given to take the census of absentees, and hence it is not necessary for anyone to appear in person at the census. Scipio concentrated on restoring discipline by forbidding luxuries the troops had become accustomed to, through regular tough exercises (all-day marches, building camps and fortifications and then demolishing them, digging ditches and then filling them up, and the like) and by enforcing regulations strictly. He does not mention what the accusation was. [4], Scipio served under Lucullus. [12] Whatever the case, he was in disagreement with the militant actions of the movement led by Gracchus when he was a plebeian tribune, which pressed for a law to redistribute land to the poor. To paraphrase the great Roman general Scipio Africanus, if you want Middle East peace, you want a very detailed ballot recount. "[6], Although the power of Carthage had been broken with her defeat in the Second Punic War, there was still lingering resentment in Rome. Antonyms for Publius Cornelius Scipio. n 1. full name Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major. When the people heard these allegations they were in a state of alarm until Scipio died at home in his bed; according to Appian, without a wound. [25] He is also a central character in Book VI of Cicero's De re publica, a passage known as the Somnium Scipionis or "Dream of Scipio". He was ambushed several times but defeated the enemy. See more. He, therefore, was the nephew of Publius Cornelius Scipio's wife, Aemilia Tertia - a… Young men avoided enrollment as soldiers through unverifiable excuses. [19] Ian Worthington rejects all these speculations and argues that Scipio Aemilianus died of natural causes.[20]. His Character Being about to narrate the exploits of Publius Scipio A common mistake to Scipio's character. Rome's Italian allies complained about lawsuits brought against them and chose Scipio Aemilianus to defend them. This was accepted and the consul Gaius Sempronius Tuditanus was appointed to give judgment. And yet Scipio's dead body lay exposed for all to see, and all who beheld it formed therefrom some suspicion and conjecture of what had happened to it. My current 'garage' of cars includes the following: 2004 Volvo C70 2.0T convertible 2002 Mondeo 2.5 V6 Zetec S 2001 Mondeo 2.5 V6 Ghia X 2001 Honda Civic 1.6 I am thinking of adding a 2001/51 Honda Accord Type V. In 150 BC an appeal was made to Scipio Aemilianus by the Carthaginians to act as a mediator between them and the Numidian prince Massinissa who, supported by the anti-Carthaginian faction in Rome, was incessantly encroaching on Carthaginian territory. [18] With Scipio's consent, Hannibal was allowed to become the civic leader of Carthage, which the Cato family did not forget. Plutarch wrote that "although Scipio Africanus died at home after dinner, there is no convincing proof of the manner of his end, but some say that he died naturally, being of a sickly habit, some that he died of poison administered by his own hand, and some that his enemies broke into his house at night and smothered him. Yet it was he and his friends who introduced the idea of formally educating women and children in Greek. The Encyclopædia Britannica suggests that Scipio Aemilianus was not in sympathy with the optimates, the political faction which supported the aristocracy. Cato the Censor, when he was an old man, always used to finish his speeches in the senate with these words: "And I, for my part, think that Carthage should be destroyed!" "[2], Although the Romans used Scipiones (in only a few known literary instances) as a plural to mean more than one Scipio, they customarily preferred Scipionarius or Scipioneus to refer to "a Scipio" or the plural of those words for "the Scipios." Cornelius Scipio L. Saluidienus Orfitus, consul 149, Ser. He related that during mopping-up operations after the Battle of Pydna, Aemilius was worried because his younger son was missing. [7], In 134 BC Scipio was elected consul again because the citizens thought that he was the only man capable of defeating the Numantines in the Numantine War. During a trial Lucius Licinius Crassus accused Carbo of being a party to the murder of Scipio. full name Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus Minor. Another Scipio (Scipio Nasica) had opposed any further war with Carthage, arguing that Rome needed a strong rival to keep her older values. Firstly was Fabius whose strategy, which would avoid direct contact to Hannibal, with dismay from many of Fabiuses peers. When the most distinguished branch became extinct in the male line circa 170 BC, it survived a further generation by adopting an Aemilius Paullus (the future Scipio Aemilianus) into the Scipionic stemline. He built a circuit of fortifications which was nine kilometers long. The Celtiberians of the City of Numantia, which had strong defensive geographical features, held off the Romans for nine years. Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Aemilianus (185–129 BC), primarily known as Scipio Aemilianus, was a Roman general and statesman noted for his military exploits in the Third Punic War against Carthage and during the Numantine War in Spain. The family was one of the most distinguished of the republic. Yet, Scipio was also a supporter of such traditions and mores. Velleius Paterculus wrote that Scipio was awarded a mural crown, which was a military decoration awarded to the soldier who first climbed the wall of a besieged city or fortress and successfully placed the military standard on it. He fought in some of the most epic battles of the war and lost his father, uncle and father-in-law in the first few years of the war. Tags. [28] The satirist Lucilius wrote a verse about the episode: "Thus base Asellus did great Scipio taunt: Unlucky was his censorship and bad."[29]. 2nd century BC Roman politician and general, Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Aemilianus, First involvement in a war (Third Macedonian War, 171–168 BC), First involvement in the Numantine War (151–150 BC), Plutarch, Parallel Lives, The Live of Aemilius, 22.2–7, Velleius Paterculus, Roman History, I.12.3, Appian, Roman History, Book 6, The Wars in Spain, 84–89, Appian, Roman History, Book 6, The Wars in Spain, 90–98, Plutarch, Parallel lives, The live of Tiberius Gracchus, 7.1–3, Plutarch, Parallel lives, The live of Tiberius Gracchus, 7.4, Plutarch, Parallel Lives, The life of Tiberius Gracchus, 21.4–25, Appian, Roman History, Book 13 The Civil Wars, 1.18–20, Appian, Roman History, Book 13, The Civil Wars, 1.20, Plutarch, Parallel Lives, The live of Romulus, 27.4–5. Marcus Aurelius. Polybius actually heard him and recalls it in his history.[30]. He asked the Senate to be sent to Hispania either as a military tribune or a legate, due to the urgency of the situation, even though it would have been safer to go to Macedon, where he had been invited to settle domestic disputes. The consul was pinned down by the enemy and, unable to escape, made a peace treaty. Scipio Aemilianus was the second son of Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus, the commander of the Romans' victorious campaign in the Third Macedonian War, and his first wife, Papiria Masonis. At the Battle of the Ticinus River, Hannibal’s troops so out-maneuvered the Roman forces that his father was surrounded. Hannibal is presented as an honorable foe who, like Scipio, is bound to follow his destiny and serve his nation no matter what the cost. Scipio used his influence to help to save the men "but none the less he was blamed for not saving Mancinus, and for not insisting that the treaty with the Numantines, which had been made through the agency of his kinsman and friend Tiberius, should be kept inviolate."[11]. [6], The Cornelii Scipiones first appear in Roman history in 396 BC in the context of the destruction of Veii by Marcus Furius Camillus, who on being appointed Dictator selected Publius Cornelius Scipio as his "Master of Knights"; that is, his cavalry commander. For other meanings of the name, see, Late imperial and mediaeval etymologists, such as, Last edited on 23 September 2020, at 15:01, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, Publius Cornelius Scipio, consular tribune 395 BC, Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (augur), Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus Numantinus, Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica (consul 111 BC), Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus (consul 83 BC), Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scipio_(cognomen)&oldid=979921277, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica, praetor 94 BC, son of the previous, Cornelia P. f. L. n., first daughter of Scipio Africanus and wife of, Ser. His son rode into the battle, shaming the Roman troops who were hesitating, and rescued his father. He managed to force Numantia into starvation. In written records it was typically necessary to distinguish the individual with the name of a relative; for men, usually the father (patronymic). His elder brother was adopted by a son or grandson of Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, another prominent commander in the Second Punic War, whose name became Quintus Fabius Maximus Aemilianus. Plutarch also wrote that "The whole army learned of the distress and anguish of their general, and springing up from their suppers, ran about with torches, many to the tent of Aemilius, and many in front of the ramparts, searching among the numerous dead bodies. He commanded an army against Carthage in the last Punic War and razed the city to the ground (146). [3], The proper noun, Scīpio, is identical to the Latin common noun (and only to that noun) for "staff" in the sense of sceptre or formal baton, a badge of governmental authority. Those who disagreed with the violation of the treaty "cast forth those who had taken hand and share in the treaty, as for instance the quaestors and military tribunes, turning upon their heads the guilt of perjury and violation of the pact. Scipiones synonyms, Scipiones pronunciation, Scipiones translation, English dictionary definition of Scipiones. Liddell Hart’s Scipio Africanus: Greater Than Napoleon provided many valuable insights into Scipio the general and Scipio the man. Explore {{searchView.params.phrase}} by color family {{familyColorButtonText(colorFamily.name)}} Scipio Africanus and Fabius Maximus both contributed to the course of the Second Punic War, although their victories were different, they both had success. He built two towers by the River Durius (Douro) to which he moored large timbers with ropes which were full of knives and spear heads and were constantly kept in motion by the current. He became the leader (132) of the opposition in Rome to popular reforms 0 He asked the allied tribes in Hispania for specified numbers of troops. Their rise was phenomenal; in the fourth century BC, they held only one consulship; in the third century BC, they held eight consulships (and produced six consuls including Scipio Africanus). The political differences gradually widened to include military differences; the brothers Scipio (who fell in Spain) sought to carry the war into Carthaginian territory, an idea backed by Scipio Africanus a few years later. Cornelius Scipio Saluidienus Orfitus, consul 178, This page was last edited on 23 September 2020, at 15:01. Men eligible to be legates (legion commanders) or military tribunes (senior officers) did not volunteer. The Military Institutions of the Romans. Additionally, Marcellus appeared to be afraid of continuing the war; this led to panic. The name "Scipio" was used in the animated series, Code Lyoko in reference to the general's destruction of Carthage. What are synonyms for Scipio? Plutarch wrote that "this disagreement certainly resulted in no mischief past remedy" and thought that if Scipio had been in Rome during the political activity of Gracchus, the latter would not have been murdered[13] - he was fighting the war in Hispania. As the allies had fought in his wars, he accepted. What are synonyms for Publius Cornelius Scipio? Of Scipio Aemilianus Africanus How He Destroyed Carthage . Scipio Africanus posted a topic in 1998 to 2003 Accord Hi everyone, I am new to the Honda forum, but I am already an active member of both Volvo and Ford forums. By the late second century BC, the Scipiones were traditional political allies of the Paulii branch of the Aemilius family, and intermarried with them at least once. He did not proceed along the shorter route to avoid the guerrilla tactics the Numantines were good at. However, "this great outrage, committed too upon the person of the greatest and most considerable man in Rome, was never either punished or inquired into thoroughly, for the populace opposed and hindered any judicial investigation, for fear that Gaius should be implicated in the charge if proceedings were carried on. [citation needed], The conquests of grandfather and adoptive grandson marked the end of an era, and the decline or demise of the Middle Republic. The cognomen, Scipio, identifies the line, or branch within the clan. January 1, 1970. Scipio Africanus was only of the most talented generals in the ancient world. The relationship of the following Scipios to all of the above is uncertain: This article is about the patrician family of the Roman Republic. Quotations by Scipio Africanus, Roman General, Born 236 BC. Steve. The treaty was rejected by the senate as a disgrace. Still, he disliked the actions of Gracchus. The speeches he gave on that occasion (now lost) were considered brilliant. 237–183 bc, Roman general. He became the leader (132) of the opposition in Rome to popular reforms They also spearheaded a luxurious style of living, with Africanus building an immense house on the Forum itself (subsequently rebuilt by his son-in-law into the Basilica Sempronia). Pronunciation of Scipio africanus with 1 audio pronunciation, 6 synonyms, 7 translations and more for Scipio africanus. The Last Pagan: Julian the Apostate and the Death of the Ancient World. Enjoy the best Scipio Africanus Quotes at BrainyQuote. PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AFRICANUS TO THE MASTER, FELLOW AND SCHOLARS OF CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE PREFACE. Of 18 patrician praenomina, each clan preferred a limited repertory. The formal names of the Cornelii were thus at least two names long; in the late Republic, three or more. When he thought that the army was ready he encamped near Numantia. Culturally, Scipio Aemilianus was both philhellenic and conservative. Metellus Scipio was the last Scipio to distinguish himself militarily or politically. [citation needed], Scipio Aemilianus was famous for his Scipionic Circle, a group of scholars and philosophers that he gathered around him in his house in Rome. Livy suggested that he was not from a rich family, since he wanted command of the campaign against Antiochus the Great in 190 BC to repair (or more likely make) his family fortunes. Scipio sold the rest into slavery, destroyed the city and kept fifty men for his triumph. The Cornelii Scipiones were one of the main politically active patrician families contesting for high office in the Roman Republic. "[21] Polybius mentioned going to Africa with Scipio to explore the continent. ), Lucius (L.) and Publius (P.), as a glance at the list of males names below will confirm. The nomen, Cornelius, signifies that the person belongs to the Cornelia gens, a legally defined clan composed of many familiae. The people were angry "because they saw a man, in whose favour they had often opposed the aristocracy and incurred their enmity, electing him consul twice contrary to law, now taking the side of the Italian allies against themselves" His enemies claimed that he was determined to abolish the Gracchian law and was about to start "armed strife and bloodshed". Scipio made himself unpopular again. He was adopted by Publius Cornelius Scipio, the eldest son of Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, and his name was changed to Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus.

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