The Yemeni Civil War (Arabic: الحرب الأهلية اليمنية ‎, romanized: al-ḥarb al-ʾahlīyah al-yamanīyah) is an ongoing multi-sided civil war that began in late 2014 mainly between the Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi-led Yemeni government and the Houthi armed movement, along with their supporters and allies. 5 Civil wars are and have been the dominant form of warfare in Africa, but they have declined steeply in recent years, so … threats to the ruler. 901 Words4 Pages. In their set up, institutions are endogenous and colonial origins affect civil wars … Popcorn Reading Comprehension (Main Idea Focus)- Online. While there were many political and cultural differences between the North and the South that contributed to the American Civil War, the main cause of the war was slavery. There have recently been numerous civil wars and conflicts going in Africa, some of which are still going on, including. Angola, which has seen an estimated 500,000 people killed since 1989 and an estimated 3 million refugees. Abstract. In the 1990’s, two-thirds of Africa’s intrastate conflicts were civil wars. Under this sub-heading, to be discussed are the major causes of corruption in the African continent. Greed versus Grievance: the causes of civil war. One of the worst hunger crises of the past 25 years was the famine in East Africa in 2011/12. He brought with him a force of 100 rebels - … Simmering animosities between North and South signaled an American apocalypse. Douglas Johnson's "The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars" was an informative and interesting read. This paper suggests that many of the theories are mostly concerned with the remote causes of war and the immediate cause of the war onset such as a phenomenon whereby an external state supports rebel movements in another country is important to give meaning to the remote causes. The main tasks in understanding war between rational actors are thus to see why bargaining fails and what incentives or circumstances might lead countries to arm in ways such that the expected benefits from war outweigh the costs for at least one of the sides. The country's civil war began in 1989, when Charles Taylor returned to Liberia from neighbouring Ivory Coast. Despite this, however, the CH interpretation of competition for resources does not provide an entirely convincing explanation for civil wars in Africa. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. It successfully devides the causes of civil wars and coups d` tat in West Africa into internal and external factors and how both are linked. In order to explore more complex causes of civil wars deeply rooted in society, this paper will examine the case of the Sierra Leone Civil War. Economic Causes. civil wars in africa tend to occur more often in. The role of religion in civil unrest and war: Often, the media does not identify the precise causes of some of the conflicts around the world. as civil wars – that is, they generated at least one thousand battle-related deaths each year. These factors combined to create conflicts in neighboring nations, creating several more civil wars and culminating in the 1998 Second Congo War, also known as the African World War. The perceived reasons that brought about the civil unrest that saw many lives and properties lost were connected but not limited to the following: 1. It is and has been, all through history, a standard approach of handling disputes between opposing parties. The main causes of famine as we see it are government policies, natural disasters, and malnutrition. Inter-state borders. Several theories have explained the causes of wars in Africa. True Causes of the Civil War. Africa is popular for its civil wars, either between neighboring countries or within the same country. A civil war, also known as an intrastate war in polemology, is a war between organized groups within the same state or country.The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies. Fearon and Laitin looked at 127 civil wars from 1945 to 1999, most often in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. In this very active research area economists and political scientists study the causes of war by examining individuals, groups and nation states. From the Nigerian Civil War to the Somali Civil War, these 20th Century conflicts submitted civilians to intense physical and psychological trauma that negatively In the study, the researchers first combined historical data on civil wars in sub-Saharan Africa with rainfall and temperature records across the continent. This theory rejects the idea that civil wars are caused by ethnic, religious or other socio-demographic factors. The most known cause of the Civil War is the dispute over slavery. The North believed that slavery was inhumane and cruel while the South saw it as a way of life. For the United States, a case could be made that this was due to the Civil War, which did so much damage to the South, but no such explanation would apply to Brazil, which fought no Civil War over this issue. This article presents a critique of the influential econometric studies by Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler on the causes of civil war. The principal finding is that in the twenty-first century both the volume and the character of civil wars have changed in significant ways. Political issues , Government policies, and Civil Wars. Table 3 shows the results of these analyses, which suggest that Asia and the Middle East have relatively high risks of civil war, while the risk of civil war in sub-Saharan Africa is contested. The belief by the Notherners that 15 January coup was a calculated plot by the Igbos to annihilate their political father’s in their own very eyes is totally not acceptable. Common to many conflicts is the unsatisfactory nature of inter-state borders. Before proceeding, it is important to emphasize two points. Usually termed “the war to end all wars”, World War I has a complicated history that makes it hard to pinpoint the exact cause of the war. Though slavery was not the only reason why the civil war happened it is still considered as one of the main reason that led to the fighting between the North and South. Causes . The paper posits that failure to identify and thoroughly address the fundamental causes of West Africa’s violent conflicts and civil strife would likely cause the sub-region to continue experiencing and suffering the brunt of these violent wars. Africa had seven civil wars in the 1970’s, eight in the 1980’s, and fourteen in the 1990’s [Figure Two]. The civil war also destabilized southern Africa further, causing large refugee crises, increased ethnic tensions, and grudges based on former political allegiances. I found this book interesting on a number of counts. One of the most influential studies on civil war is that by Collier and Hoeffler. The author also looks at the series of minor civil wars generated by, and contained within, the major conflict, as well as the regional and international factors - including humanitarian aid - which have exacerbated civil violence. Current Wars of Africa . The main origin of one of the major conflicts was the Ogaden region, which is under the jurisdiction of Ethiopia. The First Liberian Civil War was an internal conflict in Liberia from 1989 until 1997. It has been said that the 21st Century will be recorded as the bloodiest of all centuries to date. Historyguy.com Historyguy.com>Current Wars of Africa. ... Africa and Asia. The end of the Cold War and the widespread transitions from military-authoritarian rule to civil-democratic governments in many countries of Africa in the 1980s and 1990s raised hopes that Africa… The conflict killed about 250,000 people and eventually led to the involvement of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and of the United Nations.The peace did not last long, and in 1999 the Second Liberian Civil War broke out. Learn about Civil War battles, generals, political leaders and more. This introduction is aimed at students of North-East Africa, and of … Possibly the single most pondered question in history – what caused the unbound, senseless slaughter that was the First World War? Main Causes of the 1994 Rwanda Genocide. The Civil War erupted from a variety of long-standing tensions and disagreements about American life and politics. Type: Reading comprehension Format: Online Activity Grade Levels: 4, 5, 6 CC Standards: The West Africa civil war was an armed conflict of the Horizon universe, which broke out in October 14, 2021.The war was fought across several countries, and saw military intervention from the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan, becoming the first military invasion of the latter since World War II.. The historical backdrop of Africa as a landmass has always been a hot debate (Aladi, 2002).The Horn of Africa area is a champion among the most temperamental and battle-slanted territories on the planet (Tadesse, 2003).Conflict and instability trends in the Horn of Africa keep on making it a standout among the most unsteady areas on the planet (USAID, 2012, Fulgence, 2015). Civil wars are unique in their specific causes, the ways they escalate from clashing interests to violence and the ways they de-escalate, but all civil wars … The dominant hypothesis in the literature that studies conflict is that poverty is the main cause of civil wars. but what are the causes of rural-urban migration? The American Civil War started due to the secession of Southern states who then went on to form a new federal government, the Confederate States of America.American president Abraham Lincoln declared in his inaugural address that he would use force to maintain possession of Federal property and the war began with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. Moreover, even in the United States, the South lagged behind the North in many ways even before the Civil … The main causes have been civil wars … This statement needs careful evaluation, and it is for this reason that this study will use Weiss`s theories on the causes of wars in sub-Sahara Africa as a background for understanding the Sierra Leone conflict. There are various explanations for the outbreak of war. Download the Report The Middle East has long been one of the most unstable regions in the world, and there are no present prospects for change in the near future. War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias.It is generally characterized by extreme violence, aggression, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. They argue that the causes for such conflicts are primarily economic and not grievance based. The resilient social contract framework with its three postulated drivers is used in this article to provide a better diagnosis of civil wars and mechanisms for nurturing enduring peace. Immediate Causes of The Nigerian Civil War The 1966 coup d’etat which claimed the lives of the powerful ex-politicians, especially from the Nothern and Western Regions. Civil wars have been a constant feature of Myanmar's socio-political landscape since the attainment of independence in 1948. Root Causes of the Civil War. One of the main causes of the Civil War was the argument over slavery. The dominant hypothesis in the literature that studies conflict is that poverty is the main cause of civil wars. The causes of conflicts in Africa are many and they frequently recur, including major causes of potential tensions and conflicts, which could perhaps be summarised and classified below. The number of people affected is currently estimated at 40 million, compared to an average of 27 million over the previous three years. The second main contribution addresses the second key question posed above by empirically examining the long-term e ects of pre-colonial kingdoms (PCKs) in SSA, which I argue exacerbated ethnically rooted commitment problems and triggered spirals of military coups and civil wars. Sudan and South Sudan that have been susceptible since their independence to recurrent civil wars provide good cases for testing the social contract framework. A good portion of our overview of the causes of war is thus spent discussing a Listed below are the current wars and conflicts in the continent of Africa. Causes of Corruption in Africa. Main causes of war In ancient times, wars used to be initiated due to territorial expansion. Introduction. In war-torn Somalia, 260,000 people starved to … Two out of every 10,000 people, or four children, die daily from food shortages. 30% of the population is acutely malnourished; and. Liberian scholars offer a range of explanations for the years of conflict including ethnic divisions, predatory elites who abused power, a corrupt political system, and economic disparities. This has lead to two major wars in 1964 and 1977, and hundreds of skirmishes have taken place along the border between Ethiopia and Somalia. But at the end, all these points have similarities. The cross-country studies on the causes of war constitute the largest part of the Remote Causes of the Nigerian Civil War. Causes Of Conflict In Africa. There is a tendency to overuse the CH model in explaining the causes of civil war. Clashes are frequently described as being ethnic in origin, even though religion may have been a main cause. The civil war also destabilized southern Africa further, causing large refugee crises, increased ethnic tensions, and grudges based on former political allegiances. “Since 1960, almost all civil wars have been in developing countries, whose economic growth and development are apt to be impeded by resulting human capital losses, reduced investments, infrastructure destruction, and market-activity disruptions,” stated Todd Sandler. Ethiopia seeks to sustain its regional hegemony status by ensuring a weak and divided Somalia. Slavery was the main cause of the Civil War. Irreconcilable Differences.

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